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Raman Basics

How is the spatial resolution defined?

What is the spectral resolution?

What is the Raman effect and what is Raman scattering?

What kind of Information is contained in the Raman spectrum?

The Raman Technique

What is confocal Raman imaging?

What are the sample requirements for Raman analyses?

Does the excitation wavelength influence the measurement?

Which lasers are suitable for Raman analyses?

The Microscope

What is confocal microscopy?

Why is the pinhole size important?

What is confocal Raman microscopy?

What influences the throughput of a confocal Raman microscope?

Which is the right objective for my experiments?

What are the characteristics of fiber-coupled Raman systems?

The Spectroscopic System

What are the differences between mirror-based and lens-based spectroscopic systems?

How does the grating influence the measurement?

Which CCD detectors can be used?

Advanced Raman Techniques and Combinations

What is Resonance Raman?

What is Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)?

What is Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS)?

How should one perform polarization dependent measurements?

What are low-wavenumber measurements?

What is topographic confocal Raman imaging?

What is ultrafast confocal Raman imaging?

What is near-field Raman imaging?

What possible Raman combinations are there?

Knowledge Base

Welcome to Raman knowledge base, a collection of most frequently asked questions about Raman principles and techniques, Raman instrumentation and advanced Raman applications. Please choose a question from the left.